04_Docker网络基础-Work Blog

Docker网络基础

虚拟网络设备

内核模拟的网络设备是成对出现

内核也可以模交换机,(Linux 内核核心功能就是配置网络)

OVS(Open Virtual Switch)

docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
        ether 02:42:94:00:0a:7a  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

跨OVS(Open Virtual Switch)通信

模拟路由器

由宿主机核心转发,1转发0关闭转发.

# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
1

跨主机通信

1.桥接模式(广播风暴)物理网卡其实充当的是交换机.

2.NAT模式(效率低).

3.Overlay叠加网络模式.

打通宿主机之间的隧道,在原先容器的数据包上封装上对方宿主机的IP头部.

Docker的默认网络

Docker有以下网络类型：

Bridge：多由于独立container之间的通信

Bridge模式可以将各个容器的端口设为对立的，这样外部宿主机或者容器需要通过该容器所在ip+该容器的端口进行访问，并且本宿主机可以访问本宿主机中的容器。

Host：直接使用宿主机的网络，端口也使用宿主机的

Overlay：当有多个docker主机时，跨主机的container通信

Macvlan：每个container都有一个虚拟的MAC地址

Macvlan模式可以将各个容器的ip地址设置为与宿主机同一个网段的地址，这样每个容器就是独立的ip，其他宿主机或其他宿主机里的容器都可以通过ip进行互访，但是宿主机不能同该宿主机里的容器进行访问。

none: 禁用网络

管理虚拟网络工具`yum install bridge-utils`

# brctl show
bridge name bridge id       STP enabled interfaces
docker0     8000.024294000a7a   no

veth05bcc9f这个网卡是内核模拟的网络成对出现的属于宿主机的那个接口,另一个接口在容器中.

# ifconfig
veth05bcc9f: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 32:8e:4b:28:81:30  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 7103398  bytes 6717216559 (6.2 GiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 6380277  bytes 6532852215 (6.0 GiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
# ip link show
29: veth05bcc9f@if28: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-c50112c3264b state UP mode DEFAULT group default
    link/ether 32:8e:4b:28:81:30 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0

查看docker网路的详细信息

# docker network inspect bwhost_default
[
    {
        "Name": "bwhost_default",
        "Id": "c50112c3264b2edd90b74e8e67011a664d21c7af26a352f9f0a382855d51718d",
        "Created": "2021-05-26T22:48:46.829421004+08:00",
        "Scope": "local",
        "Driver": "bridge",
        "EnableIPv6": false,
        "IPAM": {
            "Driver": "default",
            "Options": null,
            "Config": [
                {
                    "Subnet": "172.18.0.0/16",
                    "Gateway": "172.18.0.1"
                }
            ]
        },
        "Internal": false,
        "Attachable": true,
        "Ingress": false,
        "ConfigFrom": {
            "Network": ""
        },
        "ConfigOnly": false,
        "Containers": {
            "4c796426b77271cef0cb4519090c852908547dedd46a7b9b266f52577ac1735b": {
                "Name": "bwhost_django_1",
                "EndpointID": "a783f0e12191efe05ca16eacbc607d8d63a18766c301a6b30baaaab69989ddab",
                "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:05",
                "IPv4Address": "172.18.0.5/16",
                "IPv6Address": ""
            },
            "5ee849b1805e69858c27559361d8072f595acc561bff2df6edbc78e2646c00b2": {
                "Name": "bwhost_v2ray_1",
                "EndpointID": "147910cc9ed0b313093b816736943376117f352754784aa6ebe134c618e50d3a",
                "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02",
                "IPv4Address": "172.18.0.2/16",
                "IPv6Address": ""
            },
            "6e028afc60eb6910d66d524d4448beba366887ae2fec6f587d2a1016fed8cfeb": {
                "Name": "bwhost_acme_1",
                "EndpointID": "f50af9ada53b963db347c69255645223a595e2b5ddb346f4f17472ec26616dd4",
                "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:04",
                "IPv4Address": "172.18.0.4/16",
                "IPv6Address": ""
            },
            "9bc75a9aa23965f4d68b7359c7a9ee886543f69ae360c6fbe1b8ed688bfa81a2": {
                "Name": "bwnginx",
                "EndpointID": "5966e5e66a7f169264f81caefd71b08f6c246b411ed3b3cf1efa01c37ac73387",
                "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:06",
                "IPv4Address": "172.18.0.6/16",
                "IPv6Address": ""
            },
            "e3fd19bba1bbe0ffc1a04471819e7a2beb656745adbed4aa2eccd453ca39516a": {
                "Name": "adguard",
                "EndpointID": "17dd125a5723e767ccb64d02b3589b2ccad29ce12bbd41b15941ff49a454f612",
                "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:03",
                "IPv4Address": "172.18.0.3/16",
                "IPv6Address": ""
            }
        },
        "Options": {},
        "Labels": {
            "com.docker.compose.network": "default",
            "com.docker.compose.project": "bwhost",
            "com.docker.compose.version": "1.29.1"
        }
    }
]

1.Bridge:对应NAT模式(docker0:)

docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
        ether 02:42:94:00:0a:7a  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

2.Host:让容器共享主机的网络名称空间

docker run -itd --name busybox1 --network host busybox

3.None:表示容器没有网络

总结: Docker:容器的网络模式

open:宿主机和容器共享宿主机的网络名称空间 .

closed:封闭式网络.

bridged:桥接式网络.

joind:链接式网络,让多个容器共享一个网络名称空间.

ip netns add NAME 创建名称空间

# ip netns add r1
# ip netns add r2
# ip netns list
r2
r1

ip link add name veth1.1 type veth peer name veth1.2创建网络设备对

# ip link add name veth1.1 type veth peer name veth1.2
# ip link show
39: [email protected]: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether b6:cd:ed:cc:49:3b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
40: [email protected]: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 9a:6e:6a:6b:06:22 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

ip link set name netns name把网络设备对插入网络名称空间

# ip link set veth1.2 netns r2
# ip link set veth1.1 netns r1
# ip netns exec r1 ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
40: veth1.1@if39: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 9a:6e:6a:6b:06:22 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
# ip netns exec r2 ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
39: veth1.2@if40: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether b6:cd:ed:cc:49:3b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1

暴露容器

第一种:将容器中的一个端口映射成宿主机中的一个随机端口

第二种:将容器中的一个端口映射成宿主机中的一个端口

第三种:将容器中的一个端口映射成宿主机中的一个特定网卡上的随机端口

第四种:将容器中的一个端口映射成宿主机中的一个特定网卡上的一个端口

docker run -p 80 —name test -it nginx 暴露容器端口-P 8080:80 ,-p 80

  # 暴露容器的端口到主机的固定端口
  -p, --publish list                   Publish a container's port(s) to the host
  # 暴露容器的端口到主机的随机端口
  -P, --publish-all                    Publish all exposed ports to random ports

docker port CONTAINER 查看容器暴露的端口

Usage: docker port CONTAINER [PRIVATE_PORT[/PROTO]

# docker port adguardhome
53/udp -> 0.0.0.0:6653
8082/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:8082
8083/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:8083

联盟式容器

1.新建一个容器

docker run -itd --name redis1 redis

2.其他容器使用相同的网络

docker run -itd --name busybox1 --network container:redis1 busybox

修改docker的默认网络

vi /etc/docker/daemon.json

registry-mirrors镜像仓库地址

bip网段

dnsDNS服务器地址

default-gateway默认网关

hosts允许远程管理

{
    "registry-mirrors": ["http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"],
    "bip": "192.168.100.254/24",
    "dns": ["8.8.8.8","4.4.4.4","114.114.114.114"]
}

创建网络

# docker network create —help

Usage: docker network create [OPTIONS] NETWORK

# docker network create --subnet 172.16.1.0/24 --gateway 172.16.1.254 docker_network_1.0
fb671de1c146d0efb792128a396caad4de0fbd0c8eebb1cef806e0794fb214ef
# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME                 DRIVER    SCOPE
e0b2b0ee3cc6   bridge               bridge    local
6479de458a14   docker1              bridge    local
fb671de1c146   docker_network_1.0   bridge    local
4b1f6cecfc15   host                 host      local
86310e5ae7db   none                 null      local

创建macvlan网络

# docker network create -d macvlan --subnet 192.168.101.0/24 --gateway 192.168.101.1 -o parent=ens192 -o macvlan_mode=bridge mactestnet --ip-range 192.168.101.210/28

# docker inspect mactestnet
[
    {
        "Name": "mactestnet",
        "Id": "58c7a301c61e783598f8704b2602960218f972e2d8f25d9a6f06bd78e56a89ed",
        "Created": "2021-06-08T21:23:30.480992538+08:00",
        "Scope": "local",
        "Driver": "macvlan",
        "EnableIPv6": false,
        "IPAM": {
            "Driver": "default",
            "Options": {},
            "Config": [
                {
                    "Subnet": "192.168.101.0/24",
                    "IPRange": "192.168.101.210/28",
                    "Gateway": "192.168.101.1"
                }
            ]
        },
        "Internal": false,
        "Attachable": false,
        "Ingress": false,
        "ConfigFrom": {
            "Network": ""
        },
        "ConfigOnly": false,
        "Containers": {},
        "Options": {
            "macvlan_mode": "bridge",
            "parent": "ens192"
        },
        "Labels": {}
    }
]

文章目录

1 Docker网络基础

Work Blog » 04_Docker网络基础

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04_Docker网络基础

Docker网络基础

虚拟网络设备

Docker的默认网络

Docker有以下网络类型：

管理虚拟网络工具`yum install bridge-utils`

暴露容器

联盟式容器

修改docker的默认网络

创建网络

相关推荐

07_Registry_Harbor

06_Docker-Compose

05_Docker镜像基础

03_Docker基本命令

02_Docker安装

01_Docker基础知识

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Docker网络基础

虚拟网络设备

Docker的默认网络

Docker有以下网络类型：

管理虚拟网络工具yum install bridge-utils

暴露容器

联盟式容器

修改docker的默认网络

创建网络

相关推荐

07_Registry_Harbor

06_Docker-Compose

05_Docker镜像基础

03_Docker基本命令

02_Docker安装

01_Docker基础知识

评论抢沙发

评论前必须登录！

最新文章

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管理虚拟网络工具`yum install bridge-utils`